環境工業廢水處理中的膜生物反應技術應用與探討
更新時間：2020-03-27 瀏覽次數：1285
環境工業廢水處理中的膜生物反應技術應用與探討
1.1 膜生(sheng)物反應(ying)器的基本原理
膜生物反應器因其(qi)卓越的污(wu)水處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)性(xing)能而受到(dao)廣泛(fan)關注(zhu)，近(jin)年來發(fa)展(zhan)迅速，該技(ji)術是在原有水處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)領域發(fa)展(zhan)應用比較(jiao)成熟(shu)的膜分離(li)技(ji)術和生物污(wu)水處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)技(ji)術的基(ji)礎上發(fa)展(zhan)起來的新型污(wu)水處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)系統，在該系統中，傳(chuan)(chuan)統的工藝中的二沉池被膜分離(li)技(ji)術所替代，將膜分離(li)與(yu)生物處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)手(shou)段進行了(le)有效(xiao)結合，工作(zuo)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)更加高(gao)效(xiao)，反應轉化率(lv)(lv)也顯(xian)著(zhu)提高(gao)，相對于傳(chuan)(chuan)統水處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)手(shou)段，其(qi)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)能力大大增強，并取(qu)得了(le)較(jiao)好(hao)的處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)效(xiao)果。
1.2 膜(mo)生物反應器(qi)的分類
膜(mo)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)反應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)有(you)膜(mo)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)離組件和生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)反應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)兩部分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)組成。污染物(wu)(wu)降解(jie)過程主要在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)反應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)進行，而在(zai)膜(mo)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)離組件中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)離膜(mo)有(you)各種(zhong)(zhong)類型(xing)(xing)，一般根據(ju)水(shui)處(chu)理(li)的(de)不同目的(de)來選用(yong)(yong)。根據(ju)膜(mo)組件的(de)使用(yong)(yong)方式及(ji)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)的(de)不同，可(ke)將膜(mo)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)反應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為膜(mo)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)離式生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)反應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)、無(wu)泡(pao)曝氣式膜(mo)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)反應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)以(yi)及(ji)萃取(qu)膜(mo)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)反應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)等(deng)三(san)種(zhong)(zhong)類型(xing)(xing)，這(zhe)三(san)種(zhong)(zhong)膜(mo)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)反應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)范(fan)圍也有(you)一些差別，工(gong)(gong)業廢水(shui)處(chu)理(li)其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)膜(mo)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)離生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)反應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)主要用(yong)(yong)于分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)離污水(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)固體污染物(wu)(wu)，無(wu)泡(pao)曝氣膜(mo)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)反應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)在(zai)處(chu)理(li)高濃度的(de)有(you)機(ji)廢水(shui)方面表現較為突(tu)出，而萃取(qu)膜(mo)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)反應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)一般用(yong)(yong)于處(chu)理(li)工(gong)(gong)業廢水(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)優(you)先污染物(wu)(wu)。其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)膜(mo)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)離生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)反應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)理(li)論(lun)成熟，實際應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)較為廣泛，通(tong)常所(suo)說的(de)膜(mo)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)反應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)主要指的(de)就是膜(mo)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)離生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)反應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)。
另(ling)外，按照膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)組(zu)(zu)件(jian)與(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)結合方式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同，又可(ke)(ke)將(jiang)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)分(fen)為一(yi)體(ti)式(shi)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、分(fen)離(li)式(shi)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)和隔(ge)(ge)離(li)式(shi)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)等(deng)三類。其中(zhong)一(yi)體(ti)式(shi)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)采用將(jiang)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)組(zu)(zu)件(jian)浸沒于生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)，在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)主要進(jin)行有(you)機污(wu)染(ran)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)降(jiang)解(jie)工(gong)作。而分(fen)離(li)式(shi)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，顧名(ming)思義，是將(jiang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)和膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)組(zu)(zu)件(jian)分(fen)開(kai)放置，兩者之間通過泵和管道(dao)連接，工(gong)業廢水處(chu)理(li)目前投入(ru)使用較(jiao)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是這種膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。隔(ge)(ge)離(li)式(shi)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)利用具有(you)選擇性膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)將(jiang)待處(chu)理(li)污(wu)水與(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)隔(ge)(ge)開(kai)，只有(you)被(bei)選擇的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目標(biao)污(wu)染(ran)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)才能通過膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)組(zu)(zu)件(jian)而進(jin)入(ru)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)應(ying)(ying)器(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)，進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)被(bei)降(jiang)解(jie)，可(ke)(ke)根據不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水處(chu)理(li)需求，選擇不(bu)同過濾功能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)組(zu)(zu)件(jian)，對不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目標(biao)污(wu)染(ran)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)進(jin)行處(chu)理(li)降(jiang)解(jie)。
